Can There Ever Be A Just War On Terror - 2819 Words

Can there ever be a just war on terror A Just War is a war which is fought, however, conducted under certain rules and regulations; these were created by Thomas Aquinas and Francisco de Vitoria. (Anon,[n.d]a), This theory is used as a means of showing those who are going to war, excluding those which classify under the regulations, that going to war is wrong and were deemed immoral. The intentions which were used to forward this process were to encourage the other states that there are other means of resolving conflict and to prevent war. The conditions of a Just War are that the choice of engaging in war is the last option and the probability of success is to be weighed. The war must be fought by a recognised legal authority, (the†¦show more content†¦Also the appropriate authority must be the persons who have declared war and ensured that this call was done on the basis of last resort, after trying to attempt all other methods which could assist in resolving the conflict. The second principle which is of the just war theory is Jus in Bello. (Anon,[n.d]b), These are rules and guidelines which explain some steps that the state must adhere to whilst in the conflict. In order to follow this principle, the states must follow proportionality and discrimination during the conflict. Those who are in fighting in the conflict must not use excessive force, only the force which is needed to achieve the necessary outcome. It is also important for them to be careful and precise when identifying any enemy combatants, and always ensuring they avoid civilians at all costs including illegitimate targets which could potentially cause destruction and violation on their individual rights. (Anon,[n.d]b), There is evidence that wars have been fought in the past and these rules and guidelines have been met. Using World War Two (1939-1945) for this example, it can be shown that this was a Just War. World War Two was fought by Germany and the Allied Countries legal authorities (Filipini, 2003). The rule, in regards to ‘†¦correcting evil’ was followed another means to this war was to correct the evil Hitler was doing in Germany and with the Nazis. The allied countries weighed up their probability of

The Self and Society in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

The Self and Society in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening For the speaker of Robert Frosts poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, the time that he takes to stop and view the woods is unusual; his duties and responsibilities dont allow for him to linger. Even so, the speaker finds great pleasure in this unexpected pause in his journey. The binary oppositions present in the poem indicate that, regardless of his responsibilities, the speaker would like to remain in the woods and take in the scene set before him. For it is here in the woods that the speaker feels a sense of individualism; it offers an escape from the communal responsibilities with which he is laden. However, while the natural side of the oppositions†¦show more content†¦The horse, as well as the speaker, knows that duty does not include taking in this scene. So, the horse reminds the speaker of his duties by shaking the bells on his harness. Thus, the horse is a sign in another binary opposition: the speaker and the horse. The horse represents responsibility becau se it is used for labor. In addition, the horse knows a routine, and that routine does not involve stopping in the woods. In the poem, then, the horses responsibility ironically is to keep the speaker on task and remind him that things need to be done. In a sense, the horse becomes a personified symbol of the village and all things connected with the village. In the horses reminder to the speaker that they must go, the bells on his harness are heard. When the speaker hears them, he is reminded that he is harnessed by his duties. While he would rather stay in the woods, he is aware of the fact that he has promises to keep (14). It is only because of these promises that he must leave. As a reminder of the village, the harness bells come to oppose the sounds of the woods or the easy wind of the woods (12). Perhaps the harness bells sound grating to the speaker; they are not pleasant to listen to because they are a form of what the village represents. The harness bells opposition (the sound of the wind), though, is comforting and soothing. Only in the woods does the speaker feel this comfort; it is here that he is alone -- an individual completeShow MoreRelatedStopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening And Desert Places922 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† and â€Å"Desert Places† are com plementary works which coincide with the naturesque elements most commonly ascribed to Frost. The two poems were published over a decade apart in a period after the first World War where feelings of lack of community and self-worth had grown in precedents amongst the general public. The early years of Frost’s literary career were spent on his poultry farm in Derry, New Hampshire as he toiled his land. Although FrostRead MoreOf Discovery In Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, And Robert Frosts Poems1093 Words   |  5 Pagesidea of discovery offering new understandings and renewed perceptions of ourselves and others is reflected in the poem, ‘Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening’ by Robert Frost and the short story, ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Robert Frost’s poetry reflects an enduring interest in how landscape can evoke contemplation and reflection about one’s place in society and the purpose of their existen ce. This idea is also closely reflected in my related text ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’. TheRead MoreIdentity vs Society1047 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth Gamboa Professor Picardi Eng. 102 Title - Identity: The Individual vs. Society We all develop identity from the world around us. Society offers us a wide variety of roles to play, and we are rewarded if we play them as well as possible. We fail to realize that being teenagers, parents, workers, doctors, and etc. are just roles and assume that we are simply participating in a genuine life. No matter how much effort a person puts into his or her own image, in the end it’s all aRead MoreEmily Dickinson And Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening1772 Words   |  8 PagesPoems are like snowflakes. While no two are the same, they all have common structures and themes. One prevalent theme in poetry is that of death, which is present in both â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† by Robert Frost. Dickinson perceives death as a gentleman, while Frost perceives death as loneliness, which provides insight on how the time periods of the poems, the genders of the authors, and the auth ors’ personal experiences influenceRead MoreShadows in the Yellow Wood: The Dark Side of Rober Frosts Poetry1508 Words   |  7 PagesShadows in the Yellow Wood: The Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Poetry Robert Frost is one of the most widely-read and recognized poets of the twentieth century, if not all time. If his name is mentioned, it is usually followed by a reference to two roads diverged in a yellow wood and taking the one less traveled by. But lurking in the shadows of the yellow wood of Frost’s poetry are much deeper meanings than are immediately apparent. As the modern poet Billy Collins says in his â€Å"Introduction toRead More Life and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentle 1545 Words   |  7 PagesLife and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentle  Ã‚   Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening and Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night reflect deeply on both life and death. Frost interprets death as rest and peace from a hard and deserving life, whereas Thomas depicts death as an early end to an unfulfilled life. Contrary to Thomass four characters who rage against death because of its premature arrival, Frosts speaker accepts death butRead MoreEssay about The Dark Side of Humanity Exposed in Robert Frosts Poetry991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe title of the poem Desert Places, stimulates images of loneliness, feelings of abandonment, and a general sense of isolation. The word desert is often associated with harsh living conditions and a place devoid of life. The word ‘it, in The woods around it have it—it is theirs (5), refers to the field and suggests that the field is just there. The animals are absent too - smothered in their lairs (6). The speaker is too absent-spirited (7) to matter. Thus, witho ut the care of man and withoutRead MoreStopping By The Woods Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesComposers utilise their respective works to convey various aspects of revelation. Exploration of self and the wider world is a multifaceted component, manipulated to be found in all aspects of life. Composers such as Robert Frost and David Wilkie incorporate these notions into their literary works. Robert Frost dexterously composed the poems Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening and Mending Wall to reflect the ambiguous nature of man’s interpretive expeditions. Similarly, David Wilkie adapts Titan’sRead MoreEssay about Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost3175 Words   |  13 Pagessurprise that people gathered to listen. Yet it remains somewhat ironic that his poetry would possess this power to bring individuals together - poetry that, for the most part, contains a prevailing theme of alienation, of a sense of separation from society, of isolation and alonene ss in an uncaring world. Running parallel with this is a second theme concerned with the interaction between the human and the non-human: occasionally the ‘non’ may serve as a comfort for the dispossessed - but more oftenRead MorePOETRY 2 11389 Words   |  46 PagesThe Inchcape Rock 7 — 11 Robert Southey 3. In the Bazaars of Hyderabad 11 — 14 Sarojini Naidu 4. Small Pain in My Chest 14 — 17 Michael Mack 5. The Professor 17 — 20 Nissim Ezekiel 6. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 20 — 23 Robert Frost 7. A Doctor’s Journal Entry for August 6, 1945 23 — 26 Vikram Seth 8. If Thou Must Love Me 26 — 29 Elizabeth Barrett Browning 9. I Believe 29 — 30 Brucellish K Sangma

The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water Free Essays

The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende IB A1 English HL World Literature Comparative Essay Word Count: 1496 Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 1 In Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits, respective authors Laura Esquivel and Isabel Allende use a connection with the supernatural to empower the protagonists in three ways. Firstly, the central characters in each story possess unique otherworldly abilities, which enable them to distance themselves from their oppressors. Secondly, the supernatural is active in providing spiritual healing of those in dire situations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, supernatural events are responsible for the eventual suppression of the main antagonist of each novel, and the subsequent liberation of the protagonists. Supernatural empowerment is also used to convey the authors’ perspectives on Latin American culture, which will be explored in relation to each form of supernatural empowerment discussed. In both novels, the oppressors of the central characters desire to control them completely, however, the protagonists have unique abilities which come to their aid. In The House of the Spirits, author Allende uses Esteban Trueba’s desire and expectation to possess his wife Clara entirely, to portray the view that in Latin American culture, there is an implication of female inferiority and submissiveness in relationships. Allende, however, expresses a negative view of this societal expectation, by giving Clara supernatural abilities which sustain her, allowing her to detach herself from him and be independent. The reader learns that Esteban desires â€Å"far more than her body; he wanted control over that undefined and luminous aterial that lay within her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Allende 111). The use of magical realism in this description of Clara’s â€Å"undefined and luminous† aspect emphasises her otherworldly character, creating an image of a bright light which Esteban cannot grasp with his hands, for his fingers simply pass through. It is precisely this supernatural aspect of Clara’s character which gives her strength, in dependence and the power to resist domination by Esteban. â€Å"He realised that Clara did not belong to him and that if she continued living in a world of apparitions †¦ she probably never would† (Allende 118). Clara’s clairvoyance and preoccupation with spirits prevent Esteban from controlling her. Whilst he becomes increasingly enraged at the unbridgeable distance between them, Clara is content, strong and empowered, thus defying the Latin American culture of female inferiority which is implied in the novel. In Like Water for Chocolate, Mama Elena has a similar obsession to Esteban’s, in desiring to control her daughter Tita’s every move. Through her description of the de la Garza family tradition, the author portrays Latin American culture as giving family values great importance. In compliance with her family values, Tita, as the youngest daughter, is required to devote her Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 2 life to the care of her mother, who strictly denies her the opportunities of love and marriage. By empowering Tita through her supernatural culinary abilities, an attribute of Tita’s character which Mama Elena cannot control, the author protests against this focus on honouring family tradition at the expense of individual rights. â€Å"In the kitchen †¦ flavours, smells, textures and the effect they could have were beyond Mama Elena’s iron command† (Esquivel 45). Tita’s domain is the kitchen, and she transfers her inner-most feelings to her cooking. The results are dishes which recreate Tita’s mood and infuse her deepest desires into those who consume the food. When Mama Elena bans all communication between Tita and her love Pedro, Tita channels her emotions into her cooking to create â€Å"a new system of communication† (Esquivel 49) with Pedro. The author uses the oppressiveness of Mama Elena and the de la Garza family tradition to portray a negative image of extreme emphasis on family duties in Latin American culture. The attribution of supernatural culinary abilities to Tita allows her to escape Mama Elena’s control and bring herself closer to Pedro, and this illustrates the author’s desire for respect for individual rights in family relationships. In both novels, the supernatural plays an active part in healing those in troublesome situations. The authors describe positively an intimate Latin American culture in which a suffering individual can depend upon assistance from trusted friends, even in the most dire circumstances. Such a phenomenon occurs in The House of the Spirits, when the imprisoned Alba has resigned herself to death in a â€Å"dark, frozen airless tomb† (Allende 469). Into this atmosphere of oppressive coldness, Clara materialises as a radiant apparition, â€Å"with the novel idea that the point was not to die †¦ but to survive, which would be a miracle† (Allende 469). Clara’s radiance contrasts with the darkness of the â€Å"doghouse† (Allende 469) which holds Alba, inspiring her with hope. Clara urges Alba to write a journal in her mind so that others may one day learn of â€Å"the terrible secret she was living through† (Allende 470), evoking in Alba a purpose and will to live. The author gives Clara the ability to empower others even after her death, emphasising her positive opinion of a culture of trust, selfless giving and unconditional love among friends. A similar healing phenomenon occurs in Like Water for Chocolate when Nacha’s appearance to Tita, as she eats the oxtail soup at Dr Brown’s house, restores Tita’s spiritual health and her speech after her breakdown caused by Mama Elena. With the first sip, Nacha appeared there at Tita’s side, stroking her hair †¦ kissing her forehead† (Esquivel 114). Tita cries for the first Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 3 time in six months, resulting in a â€Å"stream that was running down the stairs† (Esquivel 114). The authorâ₠¬â„¢s use of magical realism is effective in emphasising the emotion and miracle of the situation. Tita makes the decision to speak again; she is â€Å"fully recovered, ready to start a new life† (Esquivel 117-118). Like Clara in The House of the Spirits, Nacha possesses the ability to empower those she loves even after her death, and this element of magical realism is employed by the author to illustrate a positive perception of Latin American culture, where connections based on love and friendship can overcome even the most hopeless of circumstances. The final use of the supernatural allows the author to describe a culture in which disaster befalls those who bring control and malevolence to relationships which should be filled with love and friendship. In both novels, supernatural events result in the suppression of the antagonist to empower the protagonists. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban’s jealous suspicion causes him to banish his sister, Ferula, from his house, and ban her from contact with her family. In response to his cruelty, Ferula curses him: â€Å"You will always be alone! Your body and soul will shrivel up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Allende 158). Esteban soon observes his body â€Å"shrivelling†: â€Å"he could tell from his clothes †¦ his sleeves and his pant legs were suddenly too long† (Allende 212). There is also evidence of his soul â€Å"shrivelling†: as he drives others away from him, he is indeed cursed with the fate of being alone. His violence against his daughter and his physical abuse of Clara who stands up for Blanca, sever the few weak bonds he had remaining with these members of his family. Esteban’s experience of his physical shrinking and his alienation from family, result in personal insecurities, a deflation of his ego and a sense of loneliness, and those he has mistreated are no longer oppressed by him. In Like Water for Chocolate, Tita’s wholesome cooking has adverse effects on oth Mama Elena, and Tita’s callous sister, Rosaura, indirectly resulting in their deaths. On her return to the ranch after Mama Elena is left temporarily paralysed by a group of bandits, Tita carefully prepares oxtail soup for her mother â€Å"so that she would recover completely† (Esquivel 119). Mama Elena, however, immediately detects a bitter taste, a nd accuses her daughter of poisoning her. Ironically, as a result of emetic overdose taken secretly to combat the imagined poison, Mama Elena eventually dies. Tita’s sister, Rosaura, suffers a similar fate. She becomes overweight and flatulent from eating Tita’s food. While in San Antonio, Rosaura loses weight, but â€Å"all she had to do was come back to the ranch and she got fat again! † Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 4 (Esquivel 192). Following her selfish proclamation of her intention to subject her daughter, Esperanza, to the oppressive family tradition of forced self-sacrifice, Rosaura dies from an extended attack of flatulence attributed to Tita’s cooking. Through the supernaturally caused deaths of Mama Elena and Rosaura, the author describes a culture of retribution for those who bring control and malevolence to relationships which should be sources of love. Their deaths liberate Tita and Esperanza, enabling them to love freely. In Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits, the supernatural is used as a positive force to empower the leading characters. Characters possess supernatural gifts which provide them with an untouchable inner strength; the supernatural gives them the power to heal others in dire need; and ultimately, it is the supernatural which is responsible for the downfall of the oppressors, and the liberation of the gifted characters. Furthermore, the authors use supernatural empowerment to integrate their perceptions of positive and negative aspects of Latin American culture into the novels. 5 Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay Works Cited Allende, Isabel. The House of the Spirits. Trans. Magda Bogin. London: Black Swan Books, 1986. Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. Trans. Carol Christensen and Thomas Christensen. London: Black Swan Books, 1993. How to cite The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water, Essay examples

Appraisals for Performance Management

Question: Discuss about the Appraisals for Performance Management. Answer: Introduction There are various factors that can influence the overall rating of performance of an individual. Aguinis (2013) mentioned that there are two methods to reach overall score. They are such as judgmental approach and mechanical approach. Aguinis (2013) mentioned that mechanical approach is preferable in most of the cases. From the provided case study, Khuns performance has to be measured, who is a reporter. From the judgmental approach, it can be stated, Khuns productivity is level 2. That means his performance did not constantly meet expectation. However, his quality of work and Dependability and adherence to company values and policies is level 5. That means, he is exceptionally good in these two areas. Form the judgmental approach; it has been found that Khuns performance is exceptional in two factors, while he needs improvement in two other factors. From judgmental approach it can be stated that, overall performance of Khun is 3.5. Kuhn overall performance score can be calculated using mechanical approach. Competency Weight Productivity = 2 X .15 = .30, Total 5 X .15 = .75 Quality of work = 4 X .50 = 2.00, Total 5 X .50 = 2.50 Dependability and adherence to company values and policies = 5 X .25 = 1.25, Total 5 X .25 = 1.25 Contribution to effectiveness of others/unit = 2 X .10 = .20, Total 5 X .10 = .50 Aggregate = 3.75, Total = 5. 00 The difference is due to the fact that in judgmental approach, the weight information of various competencies has been omitted. For this reason, mechanical approach is better than judgmental approach to measure overall performance. Reference List Aguinis, H. (2013).Performance Management: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.