Can There Ever Be A Just War On Terror - 2819 Words

Can there ever be a just war on terror A Just War is a war which is fought, however, conducted under certain rules and regulations; these were created by Thomas Aquinas and Francisco de Vitoria. (Anon,[n.d]a), This theory is used as a means of showing those who are going to war, excluding those which classify under the regulations, that going to war is wrong and were deemed immoral. The intentions which were used to forward this process were to encourage the other states that there are other means of resolving conflict and to prevent war. The conditions of a Just War are that the choice of engaging in war is the last option and the probability of success is to be weighed. The war must be fought by a recognised legal authority, (the†¦show more content†¦Also the appropriate authority must be the persons who have declared war and ensured that this call was done on the basis of last resort, after trying to attempt all other methods which could assist in resolving the conflict. The second principle which is of the just war theory is Jus in Bello. (Anon,[n.d]b), These are rules and guidelines which explain some steps that the state must adhere to whilst in the conflict. In order to follow this principle, the states must follow proportionality and discrimination during the conflict. Those who are in fighting in the conflict must not use excessive force, only the force which is needed to achieve the necessary outcome. It is also important for them to be careful and precise when identifying any enemy combatants, and always ensuring they avoid civilians at all costs including illegitimate targets which could potentially cause destruction and violation on their individual rights. (Anon,[n.d]b), There is evidence that wars have been fought in the past and these rules and guidelines have been met. Using World War Two (1939-1945) for this example, it can be shown that this was a Just War. World War Two was fought by Germany and the Allied Countries legal authorities (Filipini, 2003). The rule, in regards to ‘†¦correcting evil’ was followed another means to this war was to correct the evil Hitler was doing in Germany and with the Nazis. The allied countries weighed up their probability of

The Self and Society in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

The Self and Society in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening For the speaker of Robert Frosts poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, the time that he takes to stop and view the woods is unusual; his duties and responsibilities dont allow for him to linger. Even so, the speaker finds great pleasure in this unexpected pause in his journey. The binary oppositions present in the poem indicate that, regardless of his responsibilities, the speaker would like to remain in the woods and take in the scene set before him. For it is here in the woods that the speaker feels a sense of individualism; it offers an escape from the communal responsibilities with which he is laden. However, while the natural side of the oppositions†¦show more content†¦The horse, as well as the speaker, knows that duty does not include taking in this scene. So, the horse reminds the speaker of his duties by shaking the bells on his harness. Thus, the horse is a sign in another binary opposition: the speaker and the horse. The horse represents responsibility becau se it is used for labor. In addition, the horse knows a routine, and that routine does not involve stopping in the woods. In the poem, then, the horses responsibility ironically is to keep the speaker on task and remind him that things need to be done. In a sense, the horse becomes a personified symbol of the village and all things connected with the village. In the horses reminder to the speaker that they must go, the bells on his harness are heard. When the speaker hears them, he is reminded that he is harnessed by his duties. While he would rather stay in the woods, he is aware of the fact that he has promises to keep (14). It is only because of these promises that he must leave. As a reminder of the village, the harness bells come to oppose the sounds of the woods or the easy wind of the woods (12). Perhaps the harness bells sound grating to the speaker; they are not pleasant to listen to because they are a form of what the village represents. The harness bells opposition (the sound of the wind), though, is comforting and soothing. Only in the woods does the speaker feel this comfort; it is here that he is alone -- an individual completeShow MoreRelatedStopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening And Desert Places922 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† and â€Å"Desert Places† are com plementary works which coincide with the naturesque elements most commonly ascribed to Frost. The two poems were published over a decade apart in a period after the first World War where feelings of lack of community and self-worth had grown in precedents amongst the general public. The early years of Frost’s literary career were spent on his poultry farm in Derry, New Hampshire as he toiled his land. Although FrostRead MoreOf Discovery In Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, And Robert Frosts Poems1093 Words   |  5 Pagesidea of discovery offering new understandings and renewed perceptions of ourselves and others is reflected in the poem, ‘Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening’ by Robert Frost and the short story, ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Robert Frost’s poetry reflects an enduring interest in how landscape can evoke contemplation and reflection about one’s place in society and the purpose of their existen ce. This idea is also closely reflected in my related text ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’. TheRead MoreIdentity vs Society1047 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth Gamboa Professor Picardi Eng. 102 Title - Identity: The Individual vs. Society We all develop identity from the world around us. Society offers us a wide variety of roles to play, and we are rewarded if we play them as well as possible. We fail to realize that being teenagers, parents, workers, doctors, and etc. are just roles and assume that we are simply participating in a genuine life. No matter how much effort a person puts into his or her own image, in the end it’s all aRead MoreEmily Dickinson And Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening1772 Words   |  8 PagesPoems are like snowflakes. While no two are the same, they all have common structures and themes. One prevalent theme in poetry is that of death, which is present in both â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† by Robert Frost. Dickinson perceives death as a gentleman, while Frost perceives death as loneliness, which provides insight on how the time periods of the poems, the genders of the authors, and the auth ors’ personal experiences influenceRead MoreShadows in the Yellow Wood: The Dark Side of Rober Frosts Poetry1508 Words   |  7 PagesShadows in the Yellow Wood: The Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Poetry Robert Frost is one of the most widely-read and recognized poets of the twentieth century, if not all time. If his name is mentioned, it is usually followed by a reference to two roads diverged in a yellow wood and taking the one less traveled by. But lurking in the shadows of the yellow wood of Frost’s poetry are much deeper meanings than are immediately apparent. As the modern poet Billy Collins says in his â€Å"Introduction toRead More Life and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentle 1545 Words   |  7 PagesLife and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentle  Ã‚   Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening and Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night reflect deeply on both life and death. Frost interprets death as rest and peace from a hard and deserving life, whereas Thomas depicts death as an early end to an unfulfilled life. Contrary to Thomass four characters who rage against death because of its premature arrival, Frosts speaker accepts death butRead MoreEssay about The Dark Side of Humanity Exposed in Robert Frosts Poetry991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe title of the poem Desert Places, stimulates images of loneliness, feelings of abandonment, and a general sense of isolation. The word desert is often associated with harsh living conditions and a place devoid of life. The word ‘it, in The woods around it have it—it is theirs (5), refers to the field and suggests that the field is just there. The animals are absent too - smothered in their lairs (6). The speaker is too absent-spirited (7) to matter. Thus, witho ut the care of man and withoutRead MoreStopping By The Woods Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesComposers utilise their respective works to convey various aspects of revelation. Exploration of self and the wider world is a multifaceted component, manipulated to be found in all aspects of life. Composers such as Robert Frost and David Wilkie incorporate these notions into their literary works. Robert Frost dexterously composed the poems Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening and Mending Wall to reflect the ambiguous nature of man’s interpretive expeditions. Similarly, David Wilkie adapts Titan’sRead MoreEssay about Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost3175 Words   |  13 Pagessurprise that people gathered to listen. Yet it remains somewhat ironic that his poetry would possess this power to bring individuals together - poetry that, for the most part, contains a prevailing theme of alienation, of a sense of separation from society, of isolation and alonene ss in an uncaring world. Running parallel with this is a second theme concerned with the interaction between the human and the non-human: occasionally the ‘non’ may serve as a comfort for the dispossessed - but more oftenRead MorePOETRY 2 11389 Words   |  46 PagesThe Inchcape Rock 7 — 11 Robert Southey 3. In the Bazaars of Hyderabad 11 — 14 Sarojini Naidu 4. Small Pain in My Chest 14 — 17 Michael Mack 5. The Professor 17 — 20 Nissim Ezekiel 6. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 20 — 23 Robert Frost 7. A Doctor’s Journal Entry for August 6, 1945 23 — 26 Vikram Seth 8. If Thou Must Love Me 26 — 29 Elizabeth Barrett Browning 9. I Believe 29 — 30 Brucellish K Sangma

The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water Free Essays

The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende IB A1 English HL World Literature Comparative Essay Word Count: 1496 Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 1 In Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits, respective authors Laura Esquivel and Isabel Allende use a connection with the supernatural to empower the protagonists in three ways. Firstly, the central characters in each story possess unique otherworldly abilities, which enable them to distance themselves from their oppressors. Secondly, the supernatural is active in providing spiritual healing of those in dire situations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, supernatural events are responsible for the eventual suppression of the main antagonist of each novel, and the subsequent liberation of the protagonists. Supernatural empowerment is also used to convey the authors’ perspectives on Latin American culture, which will be explored in relation to each form of supernatural empowerment discussed. In both novels, the oppressors of the central characters desire to control them completely, however, the protagonists have unique abilities which come to their aid. In The House of the Spirits, author Allende uses Esteban Trueba’s desire and expectation to possess his wife Clara entirely, to portray the view that in Latin American culture, there is an implication of female inferiority and submissiveness in relationships. Allende, however, expresses a negative view of this societal expectation, by giving Clara supernatural abilities which sustain her, allowing her to detach herself from him and be independent. The reader learns that Esteban desires â€Å"far more than her body; he wanted control over that undefined and luminous aterial that lay within her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Allende 111). The use of magical realism in this description of Clara’s â€Å"undefined and luminous† aspect emphasises her otherworldly character, creating an image of a bright light which Esteban cannot grasp with his hands, for his fingers simply pass through. It is precisely this supernatural aspect of Clara’s character which gives her strength, in dependence and the power to resist domination by Esteban. â€Å"He realised that Clara did not belong to him and that if she continued living in a world of apparitions †¦ she probably never would† (Allende 118). Clara’s clairvoyance and preoccupation with spirits prevent Esteban from controlling her. Whilst he becomes increasingly enraged at the unbridgeable distance between them, Clara is content, strong and empowered, thus defying the Latin American culture of female inferiority which is implied in the novel. In Like Water for Chocolate, Mama Elena has a similar obsession to Esteban’s, in desiring to control her daughter Tita’s every move. Through her description of the de la Garza family tradition, the author portrays Latin American culture as giving family values great importance. In compliance with her family values, Tita, as the youngest daughter, is required to devote her Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 2 life to the care of her mother, who strictly denies her the opportunities of love and marriage. By empowering Tita through her supernatural culinary abilities, an attribute of Tita’s character which Mama Elena cannot control, the author protests against this focus on honouring family tradition at the expense of individual rights. â€Å"In the kitchen †¦ flavours, smells, textures and the effect they could have were beyond Mama Elena’s iron command† (Esquivel 45). Tita’s domain is the kitchen, and she transfers her inner-most feelings to her cooking. The results are dishes which recreate Tita’s mood and infuse her deepest desires into those who consume the food. When Mama Elena bans all communication between Tita and her love Pedro, Tita channels her emotions into her cooking to create â€Å"a new system of communication† (Esquivel 49) with Pedro. The author uses the oppressiveness of Mama Elena and the de la Garza family tradition to portray a negative image of extreme emphasis on family duties in Latin American culture. The attribution of supernatural culinary abilities to Tita allows her to escape Mama Elena’s control and bring herself closer to Pedro, and this illustrates the author’s desire for respect for individual rights in family relationships. In both novels, the supernatural plays an active part in healing those in troublesome situations. The authors describe positively an intimate Latin American culture in which a suffering individual can depend upon assistance from trusted friends, even in the most dire circumstances. Such a phenomenon occurs in The House of the Spirits, when the imprisoned Alba has resigned herself to death in a â€Å"dark, frozen airless tomb† (Allende 469). Into this atmosphere of oppressive coldness, Clara materialises as a radiant apparition, â€Å"with the novel idea that the point was not to die †¦ but to survive, which would be a miracle† (Allende 469). Clara’s radiance contrasts with the darkness of the â€Å"doghouse† (Allende 469) which holds Alba, inspiring her with hope. Clara urges Alba to write a journal in her mind so that others may one day learn of â€Å"the terrible secret she was living through† (Allende 470), evoking in Alba a purpose and will to live. The author gives Clara the ability to empower others even after her death, emphasising her positive opinion of a culture of trust, selfless giving and unconditional love among friends. A similar healing phenomenon occurs in Like Water for Chocolate when Nacha’s appearance to Tita, as she eats the oxtail soup at Dr Brown’s house, restores Tita’s spiritual health and her speech after her breakdown caused by Mama Elena. With the first sip, Nacha appeared there at Tita’s side, stroking her hair †¦ kissing her forehead† (Esquivel 114). Tita cries for the first Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 3 time in six months, resulting in a â€Å"stream that was running down the stairs† (Esquivel 114). The authorâ₠¬â„¢s use of magical realism is effective in emphasising the emotion and miracle of the situation. Tita makes the decision to speak again; she is â€Å"fully recovered, ready to start a new life† (Esquivel 117-118). Like Clara in The House of the Spirits, Nacha possesses the ability to empower those she loves even after her death, and this element of magical realism is employed by the author to illustrate a positive perception of Latin American culture, where connections based on love and friendship can overcome even the most hopeless of circumstances. The final use of the supernatural allows the author to describe a culture in which disaster befalls those who bring control and malevolence to relationships which should be filled with love and friendship. In both novels, supernatural events result in the suppression of the antagonist to empower the protagonists. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban’s jealous suspicion causes him to banish his sister, Ferula, from his house, and ban her from contact with her family. In response to his cruelty, Ferula curses him: â€Å"You will always be alone! Your body and soul will shrivel up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Allende 158). Esteban soon observes his body â€Å"shrivelling†: â€Å"he could tell from his clothes †¦ his sleeves and his pant legs were suddenly too long† (Allende 212). There is also evidence of his soul â€Å"shrivelling†: as he drives others away from him, he is indeed cursed with the fate of being alone. His violence against his daughter and his physical abuse of Clara who stands up for Blanca, sever the few weak bonds he had remaining with these members of his family. Esteban’s experience of his physical shrinking and his alienation from family, result in personal insecurities, a deflation of his ego and a sense of loneliness, and those he has mistreated are no longer oppressed by him. In Like Water for Chocolate, Tita’s wholesome cooking has adverse effects on oth Mama Elena, and Tita’s callous sister, Rosaura, indirectly resulting in their deaths. On her return to the ranch after Mama Elena is left temporarily paralysed by a group of bandits, Tita carefully prepares oxtail soup for her mother â€Å"so that she would recover completely† (Esquivel 119). Mama Elena, however, immediately detects a bitter taste, a nd accuses her daughter of poisoning her. Ironically, as a result of emetic overdose taken secretly to combat the imagined poison, Mama Elena eventually dies. Tita’s sister, Rosaura, suffers a similar fate. She becomes overweight and flatulent from eating Tita’s food. While in San Antonio, Rosaura loses weight, but â€Å"all she had to do was come back to the ranch and she got fat again! † Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 4 (Esquivel 192). Following her selfish proclamation of her intention to subject her daughter, Esperanza, to the oppressive family tradition of forced self-sacrifice, Rosaura dies from an extended attack of flatulence attributed to Tita’s cooking. Through the supernaturally caused deaths of Mama Elena and Rosaura, the author describes a culture of retribution for those who bring control and malevolence to relationships which should be sources of love. Their deaths liberate Tita and Esperanza, enabling them to love freely. In Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits, the supernatural is used as a positive force to empower the leading characters. Characters possess supernatural gifts which provide them with an untouchable inner strength; the supernatural gives them the power to heal others in dire need; and ultimately, it is the supernatural which is responsible for the downfall of the oppressors, and the liberation of the gifted characters. Furthermore, the authors use supernatural empowerment to integrate their perceptions of positive and negative aspects of Latin American culture into the novels. 5 Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay Works Cited Allende, Isabel. The House of the Spirits. Trans. Magda Bogin. London: Black Swan Books, 1986. Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. Trans. Carol Christensen and Thomas Christensen. London: Black Swan Books, 1993. How to cite The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water, Essay examples

Appraisals for Performance Management

Question: Discuss about the Appraisals for Performance Management. Answer: Introduction There are various factors that can influence the overall rating of performance of an individual. Aguinis (2013) mentioned that there are two methods to reach overall score. They are such as judgmental approach and mechanical approach. Aguinis (2013) mentioned that mechanical approach is preferable in most of the cases. From the provided case study, Khuns performance has to be measured, who is a reporter. From the judgmental approach, it can be stated, Khuns productivity is level 2. That means his performance did not constantly meet expectation. However, his quality of work and Dependability and adherence to company values and policies is level 5. That means, he is exceptionally good in these two areas. Form the judgmental approach; it has been found that Khuns performance is exceptional in two factors, while he needs improvement in two other factors. From judgmental approach it can be stated that, overall performance of Khun is 3.5. Kuhn overall performance score can be calculated using mechanical approach. Competency Weight Productivity = 2 X .15 = .30, Total 5 X .15 = .75 Quality of work = 4 X .50 = 2.00, Total 5 X .50 = 2.50 Dependability and adherence to company values and policies = 5 X .25 = 1.25, Total 5 X .25 = 1.25 Contribution to effectiveness of others/unit = 2 X .10 = .20, Total 5 X .10 = .50 Aggregate = 3.75, Total = 5. 00 The difference is due to the fact that in judgmental approach, the weight information of various competencies has been omitted. For this reason, mechanical approach is better than judgmental approach to measure overall performance. Reference List Aguinis, H. (2013).Performance Management: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.

Bruce dawe consumerism free essay sample

Consumerism as we understand as individuals is the need to acquire objects and possessions often beyond our essential needs, just for the sake of acquiring them. This universal theme is made patent through two of Dawes poems, Americanized and Televistas 1977. Dawe is successful as he discusses and ultimately utilizes the theme of consumerism in a negative, derogatory way. Additionally, Dawes employment of techniques such as metaphors, rhetorical questions, repetition, figurative language and tone further enables the responder to understand themes which arise throughout both poems such as consumerism, capitalism, cultural imperialism and materialism. It is through this utilization that obsessive consumption of material goods can lead people to believe that their lives as well as their social status is determined by what they own and ultimately, consume. Dawe’s poem Americanised is a dark satiric poem about cultural imperialism. This is made apparent as Dawe uses an extended metaphor. That is the mother being America and the child representing a younger developing nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Bruce dawe consumerism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, Dawe explores how this younger developing nation is becoming imbued by American value systems, as well as how a simple human relationship between mother and son can become perverted by consumerism. Rhetorical questions are employed by Dawe for the duration of Americanised. â€Å"What child of simple origins could want more? † As stated, what we can articulate is that any modern consumer needs to sustain life is material wealth. The employment of rhetorical questions is further developed at the end of the first stanza. This representation allows the reader to understand that the child must accept the mother’s gift of love. Additionally, Dawe explores entrapment throughout this poem and makes the reader aware that entrapment is a powerful motif in consumerism. This is perceptible as the baby is contained in his ‘high chair’, which represents that communities around the world are imprisoned by the conformist nature of consumerism and capitalism. Moreover, Dawes employment of consumerism is explored in his poem ‘Televistas’. Dawe is successful as he directs our attention towards two ways television could serve the interests of consumerism. Dawes utilization of metaphors, allows the responder to comprehend the development of the love story on which the poem is based. Dawe is triumphant as through his representation of cartoon programs like ‘Bugs Bunny’ and personality shows such as Furthermore, Dawes language in ‘Televistas’ is even and unbalanced however he incorporates an uneven rhythm, with a varying number of unstressed syllables. It is made apparent however that there is a regular rhythm in the line, â€Å"they fell in love, and shared a SamBoy. † Additionally, the expression ‘Sanyo oriented’ suggests that it is no longer a question whether one has a television or not, but now only a question of which brand. Furthermore, Dawe expresses the different stages in relationships such as fights, conversations and promises and has contrasted them with a television consumed society. Through this, the responder is able to identify that this couple’s relationship is dully based around television. Throughout the duration of Americanised, consumerism if further explored as the perception of the world is weak as it is made apparent that they lack the ‘things’ that make America great. For example, materialism is perceived as a way of life. Moreover, repetition is incorporated by Dawe as the phrase â€Å"she loves him † is repeated. This exemplifies that the loving action is viewed as protecting and insulating the child, in much the same way modern day consumer culture cushions reality.

Analysis of A Good Man is Hard to Find essays

Analysis of A Good Man is Hard to Find essays Flannery O'Connor's "A Good Man is Hard to Find" is character driven. First, she introduces the characters in a way that allows the reader to see and understand the character. Yet her use of characterization is more than introducing the character to the reader. She effectively uses her characters to symbolize truth, the human problem which is universal. Through characterization she gives her work vitality, allowing the work to take on a life of its own. In "A Good Man is Hard to Find," O'Connor gives the role of symbolizing truth and the role of adding vitality to the piece through the use of the main character of the story, the grandmother. Flannery O'Connor's characters in "A Good Man is Hard to Find" are amusing and typical of the rural South. However the characters are shallow and seem void of any sort of spirituality. She describes the characters in her stories as "poor, afflicted in both mind and body, [with] little-or at best a distorted sense of spiritual purpose" (Polter). Besides using characterization as metaphors to other things, she successfully uses the technique to make readers feel as if they are in the same room with the person. Her descriptions are not flowery and are woven into the story at the precise point where a trait or physical description should be made known to the reader. She also uses other characters to help paint a picture Examples of characterization of the grandmother that gives the readers a firm view of the person begins in the first sentence of the story, O'Connor introduces the grandmother with, "the grandmother didn't want to go to Florida. She wanted to visit some of her connections in Tennessee. . ." (O'Connor 117). From this passage, O'Connor is introducing her readers to a woman who tries to control the family, but does not. O'Connor also describes the grandmother in the first paragraph though use of dialog. Readers immedi...

What was the impact of Soviets and American policies on the Middle Essay

What was the impact of Soviets and American policies on the Middle East - Essay Example The impact is usually characterised as the Israeli-Arab conflict which is not only attributed to super and world power intervention during the Second World War, but perpetuated and exacerbated by US and Soviet intervention during the Cold War Era (Azar, Jureidini & McLaurin, 1978). During the period from the Second World War to the end of the Cold War, the Middle East has been a cauldron of tensions and conflicts with major conflicts primarily concentrated around the Israeli-Arab conflict (Shlaim, 1996). Using the balance of power theory, this paper will analyse how and to what extent US and Soviet policies in the Middle East produced and/or contributed to these conflicts. These conflicts are arguably the main impact of US and Soviet policies in the Middle East. The classical balance of power theory argues that states align their allies and interests in the creation of an international system that ensures that no state is possessed of â€Å"overwhelming power† or dominancy over other states (Chatterjee, 1972, p. 51). The modified version of the balance of power theory is more appropriate to studies of Soviet and US relations and their policies in the Middle East. In this modified version of the balance of power theory, each of the super powers aligned their allies and interest in the Middle East as a means of preventing the spread and influence of the other super power in the region and globally (Walt, 1985). Under the modified version of the balance of power theory, competing states respond to one another in that when one state pursues hegemony aggressively through alignment with other states, the competing state will attempt to match that aggressive alignment (Walt, 1985). The US and the Soviet Union persistently attempted to â€Å"balance against aggregate power† (Walt, 1985, p. 35). As Walt (1985) explained, the US and the USSR saw each other as the â€Å"other’s greatest potential threat† and devoted their

Immigration And The Uk Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigration And The Uk Economy - Essay Example The only requirement one must have so that they can enjoy the jobseekers allowance is that one must be living in the UK, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man or the Republic of Ireland for three months immediately before making a claim for Jobseeker’s allowance (Ciupijus, 2011). Considering this, more than 30,000 people from Slovakia, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Lithuania claim unemployment benefits in the UK, the research revealed. After a person satisfies the test in the UK, then that person can claim Jobseekers Allowance of up to  £ 72.41 ($116) weekly for a single person,  £113.70 for a couple (Hatton & Tani, 2005). The immigrant ends up costing the British taxpayers  £5B a year in tax credits. New figures show almost  £100 million a week is spent on the 415,000 people and cases of unemployed immigrants. Accordingly, there are foreign nationals who work in Britain who are benefitting from the payments a new analysis has revealed. We also have unemployment as anoth er effect of immigration as stipulated above herein. High unemployment rates Most of the immigrants who go to the UK have low skills or professional training while others are skilled (Freeman, 2015). Those that are skilled end up taking jobs of the UK natives who would have taken the jobs but due to lower skills or professional training they were avoided for the jobs. The semi-skilled immigrants are also willing to work at a much lesser pay as compared to their counterparts (Dustmann, Frattini & Preston, 2013).

Social Media and Technology in Learning Research Paper

Social Media and Technology in Learning - Research Paper Example It has been argued that instead of removing the social media from the learning process, it should be merged with technological tools to enhance the learning experience of the learners who are already enthusiastic about the use of social media (Blankenship 39). On the other hand, opponents of the use of social media in the classroom have argued that it would be distractive to the leaning process (Ahn 147). Nonetheless, it has been revealed that combination of technology and social media and effective use of these technologies will enhance the learning experience of students and promote their creative thinking, participation, collaboration and sharing of ideas (Hsiu-Ting and Yuen 712). In the light of these arguments, this research paper gives a critical analysis and discussion of the combination of technology and social media in education. The view of the research paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to achieve an effective combination of these technologies to promote the learn ing processes and achievement of learning outcomes by students in the most effective and efficient manner. Enhanced Communication in Education Processes Research findings have revealed that over 80% of learners in tertiary education are active users of social media networks (Markauskaite 80). More importantly, it has been demonstrated that more than half of the social networking site users use these sites as tools which promote communication during learning process (Tay and Matthew 156). Because technology and education applications including online information resources are used within the education system and supported by the curriculum, it is thus arguable that technology should be combined with social networking for more enhanced learning processes. The communications which have been registered among students who use social networking sites include posts on Facebook walls on educational activities among learners (Wankel 254). Additionally, social blogs have been created where st udents post questions and thus seek for assistance from other students which eventually promotes the learning process (Ahn 148). Such application demonstrates the combination of technological tools such as the internet and social networking for effective communication of educational material. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have been used by learners to post links to group websites, wikis and blogs in which educational material is shared and information of studies exchanged effectively (Markauskaite 79). The communication which social media reveals among peers with the same educational interests thus reveal that information and communication technology can be combined with social media to enhance a more efficient and effective communication process. It has been further found that within higher learning institutions, learners connect with each other through social media with a view of tracking the education activities such as classes, projects, lab work, assignme nt and seminars (Blankenship 40). Furthermore, student representatives within a class have been said to be active communicators of education activities and programs to learners via posts on Facebook and Twits (Markauskaite 78). Nonetheless, it has been argued that the communication which is demonstrated within social media is less education and more social and as a result it cannot warrant its application within the educat

Feral Children: Cases and Learning Development

Feral Children: Cases and Learning Development Feral children, wild child, gazelle boy, undomesticated; these are all names that have been given to children throughout the decades defined as A child who is raised without human contact, often raised by wild animals as a result of being abandoned. This is indeed a fact in history that these children exist. There are so many stories, examples and cases of feral children raised by animals in history. Examples like Victor The Wild Boy , Kamala and Amala sisters raised by a wolf, and Robert who was raised by monkeys in Uganda. It is incredible that these children were able to survive. How did they manage to stay alive, and at what cost to their humanity? Are they ever able to gain what they did not learn when integrated back into society? This is a cruel way to treat a little child, either with abuse or even just negligence to care for the child. Today feral children could be defined as any human child suffering from sensory deprivation and can be caused by their own parents. Today the y can be children who have grown up with very little contact or none at all. Feral Children explore the boundaries of environmental factors on human beings, how they develop to become what society deems to be a respectable human and the overall influences of nature versus nurture paralleled to unconditional love and the surrounding of other humans. Many cases of feral children have occurred over several centuries. These children were isolated for so long and to a point where they do not know English or have not even seen another human being. Tales of children living and surviving in the wild, brought up by animals are almost too unbelievable to be true. Feral children are kids who have been confined with little to no human contact. Sometimes they live and survive on their own, or they have been raised by animals. Many cases prove that these feral children are not just some made up tale, but real life children living without any speech or knowledge of what is happening to them. There are many effects that occur to these children from being cut off from the real world. They include learning animal behaviours and possibly never learning to speak. Some of the children became super fast runners at times on all fours, some even covered with hair. Feral children s senses were often more developed than those of children living with hum ans, particularly their sense of smell and hearing. Various children found in the wild could adapt easily to changes in temperature and tolerate more pain. You may need to site some of this information, where did you get the facts? Many people believe that these stories of children raised by animals are just that, stories made up by writers and people with vivid imaginations. This is not true; there are many documented cases of these children. In January of 1799, a young boy with no clothes on was spotted outside a small town of France, near Aveyron. This boy was named Victor, and was around the age of eleven or twelve. Victor behaved like an animal, he ate rotten food with pleasure, he was incapable of distinguishing hot from cold, and he spent much of his time rocking back and forth like a caged animal He lived with a scientist named Dr. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard. He was dedicated to the education of the young boy trying to get him to be able to speak. Victor made little progress in all these areas and was only able to perform small tasks, such as setting a table. Eventually scientists lost funding for Victor and he was sent to live with a housekeeper. Victor died at the age of 40 in 1828. In a more modern version of feral children is the story of the Romulus and Remus, two young girls who were discovered under the care of a she-wolf in 1920, in Godamuri, India. In order to get to the girls the wolf defended the two girls like they were her own babies, but the wolf was killed because it was attacking the men trying to save the two girls. The two girls were Kamala who was aged eight and Amala aged only 18 months old. The two girls would sleep all day and wake up at night, remained only on all fours, liked eating raw meat, and would bite or growl at people bothering them. They worked with these girls for a long time to try and find out as much as possible about feral children. Amala only lived for a year until she died but Kamala lived for nine more years until she passed away of illness. Kamala did learn a small vocabulary and eventually learned how to walk up right, but still had a good sense of sight in the dark and of raw meats at a great distance. A feral child does not have to be a story about a lost child raised by an animal. Many cases of abused or forgotten children have come up over time. Stories such as kids being found tied to toilets or locked in a basement, some kids forced to live in a dog house because their parents are too drunk to remember them. Genie was a 13 year old girl when police took custody of her on November 25th, 1970. Genie was found only because her mother had applied for welfare and prior to this no one knew she even existed. She would be strapped to a toilet in an empty room where her parents kept her. Also was forced to sleep in a sleeping bag that was way to small for her, genie now has deformed legs because of this. She was kept in such isolation that she couldn t talk or understand people. She could only make small grunts or moans if she needed something, she could also mumble the words no more . She was kept in her room for 10 years because her father thought she was mentally challenged as a baby. Genie had very limited socialization and she was abused for making noise which stunted her ability to communicate. They formed a group of scientists and social workers to help Genie have a normal life; this was later called The Genie Project. They worked with Genie for many years with little progress. Eventually they lost funding for her and she had to be sent to live in many foster homes were she was abused again. She currently lives in California with her foster parents. Another case of this kind of abuse emerged from the Ukrainians, a girl named Oxona Malaya who was found living in a farm kennel. Oxana s parents were both alcoholics and did not care for her well being. This is the reason why she decided to sleep in the kennel with the dogs at such a young age. For six years she was raised by dogs, not having any human contact. Oxona would walk on all fours, bark at people, and pant like a normal dog would. Oxana did not know what a mirror was and showed no recognition of the reflected image of her. This lack of self-awareness makes her, in some respects, more like an animal than a human. These two cases show people what abusing a child can do to then. As She was growing up and learning how to speak, they discovered in a brain scan that Oxana was mentally challenged because of her time spent with the dogs, if she was just raised like a normal girl she could of a had a normal childhood growing up, instead she has to live in a foster home. This is the reason why most children are abandoned or forgotten about, because parents do not want to have a mentally challenged child. She could have lived a normal life if her parents just cared a little more to pay more attention, but now she has to grow up learning how to talk and walk like a normal human being. In a small village in Uganda in 1982 a little boy named John Sebunnya was found living in a tree with monkeys. He ran away from home at the age three because of the abuse he took from his parents, also his parents didn t bother looking for where John ran away. He tells his story to this day of what happened in the little English he knows. Many different councilors and scientists have sat down with him asking about his time living with the monkeys. Different aspects of his story stick out to scientists that make them wonder if this was just a case of the monkeys tolerating the boy. They would just let him eat whatever was left and never cleaned him as they would other monkeys. When it came to cleaning time for the monkeys, they would never clean John, and he said that he would just watch as they pulled bugs from each other s fur. This information made scientists think that the monkeys didn t actually take care of John but just accepted him in the group. Throughout our history, our soc iety has tested the theory of nature vs. nurture. Some scientists believe that we are predisposed according to our genetics on how we behave. This is known as the nature theory. Other scientists believe that we behave in a certain way because of how we are taught. This is known as the nurture theory. One topic sociologists have studied is feral children to help explain these theories. They have found that children raised by animals acquired the instincts and behaviors of the species that raised them. The study of these feral children and children who are raised or kept in extreme isolation makes it hard not to support the nurture theory or statement. These cases prove the importance of education in our society and They show that human beings not only can be educated, but must be educated to become a human being at all. Everything that a child knows or learns must be taught; except for normal body functions like breathing or reflexes. Abilities that determine a child s success in school do not happen automatically they must be developed or nurtured . Children also learn how to be friendly, thankful, honest, trustful and respectful. All these skills must be learned and fostered. Psychologists and Scientists have studied feral children to help them gain insight into human socialization and development. By helping these children with human like abilities due to what they were going through as children. When feral children are discovered and returned to society, they often remain significantly developmentally delayed. Researchers are still trying to answer the question whether these children were already delayed or their abnormalities occurred because of their isolation in the wild. So what makes u s human? Is it society or is it instilled within us? Babies do grow into adults physically, but our social beliefs and ideas are not transferred in our DNA. Even though our bodies may grow, if we are isolated we become little more than an animal. In order for children to develop into well rounded human beings, they must be surrounded by people that care for them and people that will teach them language and how to walk. Through the stories of the feral children whether true or not, it leaves us wondering what makes us human? Feral children are human biologically but their emotions are limited to what they learned in the wild. These children will now never know right from wrong, or even what their own name is, but it goes to show the little attention a child gets makes a big impact on that child in the future. Children need love and protection from other human beings in order to grow up and develop into a human being themselves. The young age these children get lost at or when there f orgotten is the age the child s brain is growing, when they learn speech and ability to walk. It shows us how important it is for children to have the influence of another human to learn and love from. The nurture you give a child as a baby is what gives that child human like behaviors, nurturing a child can last a life time.

Othello: the Feminine Perspective Essay -- Othello essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   Othello, Shakespeare’s tragic drama, has much to say about women and the attitudes of social groups and individuals towards them. Let’s examine, from the top down, from the general to the lower ranks, these outlooks on women and other feminine considerations. Kenneth Muir, in the Introduction to William Shakespeare: Othello, explains the Moor’s blind ignorance of his won wife: Iago begins his temptation on the following morning, and he is able to exploit Othello’s comparative ignorance of his wife. This ignorance is only partly due to the fact that they have had no opportunity of living together. It is due to a number of other factors. Othello comes of royal birth but he has won for himself a place of distinction in the service of the Venetian state by his military prowess. He confesses the one-sidedness of his experience (I.3.86-7):    little of this great world can I speak More than pertains to feats of broil and battle. . . . (32)    The violence against women in this drama is unpalatable for much of the audience. A.C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the violence against the heroine as a â€Å"sin against the canons of art†:    To some readers, again, parts of Othello appear shocking or even horrible. They think – if I may formulate their objection – that in these parts Shakespeare has sinned against the canons of art, by representing on the stage a violence or brutality the effect of which is unnecessarily painful and rather sensational than tragic. The passages which thus give offence are probably those already referred to – that where Othello strikes Desdemona (IV.i.251), that where he affects to treat her as an inmate of a house of ill-fame (IV.i... ...ies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello.† Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10; and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16.    Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      

Emilia & Documents Essay

Emilia is only a secondary character in the play but her role is crucial one. Though she is wife of Iago, she is ignorant of the real nature of his plots and she even aids his designs without any awareness of their consequences on one side. On the other side, she is coarse-minded, earthy but devotedly attached to her mistress. So Shakespeare portrays her in a realistic light, attributing to her strengths and weaknesses, combining in her character the qualities of loyalty and service, with a commitment also to the more worldly side of human nature. Shakespeare also uses her as toll to carry out the malicious motives and evil designs of Iago. She also acts as a foil to Desdemona. Her being a companion to Desdemona enables her to reveal not only her own wide experience of the world but also to highlight Desdemona’s innocence and idealism. The commonsensical realism of Emilia provides a refreshing contrast to Desdemona’s unpractical idealism. Emilia is a woman of the world and her understanding of the real nature of men and their affairs is more realistic and mature than that of Desdemona. In this respect she serves as a foil to throw into sharp relief the childlike nature of her mistress. For example, while Desdemona thinks that there are no women in the world who would play false to their husbands, Emilia knows that there are many such; â€Å"Yes a dozen: and, as many the vantage as would/ store the world they played for. † (IV. iii. 82-83) She changes over the course of the play from a passive Elizabethan domestic woman to an active and dynamic character who fully endorses the chastity of her mistress and protests over the unfair and rude behavior of Othello toward her. She remains silent in the first half of the play like a typical Elizabethan woman who solemnly accepts all the pathos and miseries of life afflicted upon her by her husbands. Her very first dialogue in the play indicates the matrimonial and domestic strife she was suffering from. Her response to Iago’s comments; â€Å"I find it still, when I have list to sleep: /Marry, before your ladyship, I grant, /She puts her tongue a little in her heart, /And chides with thinking. † (II. i. 891-894) She says, â€Å"You have little cause to say so† (II. i. 895). Adamson is of the view that â€Å"She knows. . . . it is less painful to suffer his scornful abuse than to challenge and try to change him† (247). So her silence and so short a reply is tool to hide herself in her own cocoon and an agonizing acknowledgement of triviality in the domestic sphere. Her silence is due to the complexity of the situation in which she is entangled as Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s intimate. This produces in her paradoxical emotions about one or the other. â€Å"The female connection between Desdemona and Emilia demonstrates a level of personal intimacy that is free of the professional distinctions in the male relationships, but is complicated by class distinctions and compromised by Emilia’s divided loyalty as Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s serving lady† (Nostbakken 21). So Iago exploits this role of Emilia. In the first place it is she who provides Iago with the handkerchief which he puts to such a terrible use. But she should be blamed for the tragedy as she makes matters more complicated when she professes ignorance as Desdemona asks her whether she knows where she could have dropped her handkerchief. In both these instances, Emilia is culpable, but it may be said in her defense that she is quite unaware of committing anything more than a minor violation of truth. So her silence is not a criminal silence and audience understands it that it is due to her subservience to social norms that force her to behave more as Iago’s wife than Desdemona’s maid. Whenever she becomes more vocal, it is owed to her love for her mistress. Toward the end of the play she emerges as a changed individual who has broken down the shackles of conventionalities, social compulsion and accepted behaviors. Her emotional attachment to Desdemona overpowers her alter in the play. Emilia’s stout defense of Desdemona proves futile because Othello decides to regard her as Desdemona’s bawd. However, Emilia has other functions in the play. At the death of Desdemona she felt herself very much grief stricken: â€Å"Villainy, villainy, villainy! /I think upon’t : I think smell’t: O villainy! /I thought so then: I ‘ll kill myself for grief:/ O villainy, villainy! † (V. ii. 191-194) When she once realizes that her husband used the handkerchief to implicate her mistress, she condemns and exposes him without fear although she loses her life in doing so; Good gentleman, let me have leave to speak,/‘Tis proper I obey him, but not now:/ Perchance, Iago. I will ne’er go home. (V. ii. 196-198) M. R. Ridley believes that â€Å" in all the plays there is nothing more characteristic of Shakespeare than the way in which Desdemona’s death kindles in her (Emilia) a bright flame of self-forgetful courage; it is not just that she faces the threats of both Othello and her husband(Iago), but rather that she neglects them, brushes them aside as irrelevant trivialities. †(46) Emilia may be said to represent the ordinary people who commonly figure in Shakespeare, people who are not extraordinarily virtuous in daily life, but who are gifted with a reasonable perceptiveness and commonsense and are capable of heroism in times of crisis. Her complete transformation comes with the resolution to reveal the truth when she says; ‘Twill out, ’twill out: I peace! /No, I will speak as liberal as the north†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (V. ii. 3561-62) And her disclosure; â€Å"O thou dull Moor!that handkerchief thou speak’st of /I found by fortune and did give my husband†(V. ii. 3570-71) A. C. Bradley remarks about this transformation;† Till close to the end she frequently sets one’s teeth on edge; and at the end one is ready to worship her† (p. 205). The only character to perform a complete transformation of character over the course of Othello’s action, Emilia progresses rapidly from her early role as coarse and subservient foil) to Iago(as depicted earlier) into a resolute and effective defender of Desdemona’s virtue. Works Cited Adamson, Jane. Othello as tragedy: some problems of judgment and feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1980 Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean tragedy : lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth. London: Macmillan. 1971 Nostbakken, Faith. Understanding Othello, A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. Ridley, M. R. Othello. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1958.

buy custom Future LNG essay

buy custom Future LNG essay The present and future LNG trade is influenced by a number of factors. However, the structure of the global market of LNG impacts significantly on the present and future LNG trade (Yergin and Stoppard, 2003, pp. 103-114). The main issues are variations in the mechanisms of pricing and the history of LNG in the Pacific and the Atlantic basins. Other matters revolving around the nature of LNG market are basically recent changes in the market that have been found to propagate flexibility in LNG trading. The declining trend in the cost of LNG conneced with a value chain and emerging participants in the LNG market also have a hand in the dynamism of the current market (The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market 2003, par. 1-4). LNG trading started from different perspectives and forms in the Pacific and Atlantic basins. This has affected the volume of LNG import, the systems of pricing and the terms of contracts in the market. Importing nations in the Pacific Basin are nearly absolutely reliant on LNG, whereas nations in the Atlantic Basin utilize pipeline imports and home-based supplies together with LNG to suffice the demand of natural gas. In fact, current changes that have been realized in the LNG market proved to be increasingly flexible. It is no doubt that the terms of contracts in the market have loosened based on both quantity and price. Thus, market negotiations will be shorter, before being signed and executed (Hallouche 2006, pp.15-23). These trends seem good, although there could be some uncertainties in determining the final retail prices of LNG. Liquefaction costs, shipping fees and degasification costs have been reduced greatly with time, hence, cutting down the cost of production. The market for LNG is basically facilitated through lasting contracts concerning mechanisms of pricing fixed for products of petroleum. However, this may not necessarily lead to less retail prices. Cheaper costs of operations may not benefit the final person in the supply chain. Therefore, sellers and buyers take reversed roles in the market. Those involved in purchasing have currently been investing entirely in the upstream. This even includes plants that liquefy gas. Both the Tokyo Electric Power and the Tokyo Gas Company have invested in the Darwin Gas Liquefaction Company located in Australia. On the other hand conventional sellers like Shell and BP have leased out their capacity terminals diversifying their role in trading. Among emerging buyers there are the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico (Hughes 2011, pp. 11-21). There are notable differences between the Pacific and Atlantic Basins. Original supplies of natural gas towards the end of the 20th century were enormous for many nations in the Atlantic Basin. Pipeline gas was readily available. It was not easy for LNG to contend and, as a result, the import of LNG into the Atlantic Basin experienced a slow growth. LNG forms a small part of the scale of natural gas available in Europe and American markets. LNG competes with both pipeline imports and domestic supplies. However, the Pacific Basin LNG importers like South Korea, Taiwan and Japan have very little production of domestic gas and there are no pipeline import sources for natural gas. Current LNG importers around the Pacific Basin do not access natural gas through pipeline imports. However, LNG imports came into the region mainly in 1980s and up to early 1990s. This took place, because there was a need to supplement oil energy sources. The security of supply was a more significant considerat ion in this region than the price (The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market 2003, par. 1-4). The above issues, taking place in the second half of the 20th century, are likely to be replicated in current and future trends in LNG market. Pricing around the world in LNG markets revolves around the same factors of availability and supply of supplementary fuels. LNG prices are normally expressed in American dollar per million Btu (MMBtu). Prices can be determined by the free on board (f.o.b.) or even calculated through delivered ex-ship. Most emerging contracts in the LNG market are based on f.o.b. The reason for this is that those making purchases regard this as getting more control over the already determined price and, thus, allowing buyers to trade excess LNG cargos. Gas hubs that involve both pipeline gas and LNG are emerging in the United Kingdom, America and Belgium offering opportunities for the arbitrage pricing and the ultimate convergence pricing (Eberhardt 2002, pp. 21-44). In the past, LNG prices were high in the Pacific basin reaching a maximum of US$4/MMBtu. Pricing is generally less in the Atlantic Basin as compared to the Pacific Basin by US$1/MMBtu for the last decade. The increasing growth of LNG supply in the Middle East could lead to the convergence of the Pacific and Atlantic prices. Currently, the volume of Middle East LNG in the Atlantic Basin is comparatively small. However, a number of Middle East projects take efforts to supply North American and Europeanmarkets. Moreover, when terminals of LNG import are constructed in the West Coast of North America, suppliers from the Pacific Basin may finally get enhanced access to the market in the United States. Therefore, accessibility is a very important aspect in the LNG market. Prices can easily be controlled by means of the accessibility and availability of LNG supplies in various markets of the world (Eberhardt 2002, pp. 21-44). It is very clear that LNG prices are benchmarked to supplementary competing fuels. There are different and autonomous markets of LNG each having its specific pricing structure. The risk of price is inherent in the particular structure of pricing, even though the level of risk varies for different markets. In America, competing fuel in the market is pipelined natural gas and the target price may be either in a particular market in lasting contracts or the Henry Hub value for short-term LNG sales. Exporters and importers, taking part in LNG transactions in the United States, are faced with a very big risk, because of the high price volatility degree. In Europe, LNG prices are connected with competing fuel prices (Hughes 2011, pp. 11-21). Low-sulfur residual oil refers to this competing fuel. At the same time, LNG is currently connected with a natural gas spot and market prices in the future. In Asia, prices are influenced by the import of crude oil. The formula of pricing basically inv olves a basic indicator of prices for crude oil. A constant is also taken into consideration and may be a mechanism of formula review. Prices in Asia are usually higher as compared to other prices in other parts of the world. There have been current changes in the LNG market based on pricing and contracts. Even though, long-term contracts in the LNG market will not disappear, companies taking part in importing must look for increased flexibility and at the same time seek good terms of contract. Contracts, that cover the sale of about thirty million tons annually to people in Asia, are likely to search for adjustment in the future. Conventional contracts of LNG emphasized the supply security of buyers. Contracts in the LNG market could last for a long time and were very rigid. It was not easy to adjust them. Take-or-pay clauses moved the risk of volume to buyers. LNG was normally delivered ex-ship. This means that LNG was transported in the selected tankers. Contracts also included destination clauses that hampered buyers from selling cargos they had bought from the third parties. Changes have been made in the process towards the end of the 20th century. Suppliers of LNG provided more encouraging condition s, like significantly lower prices to emerging importers in China and India (Sen 2002, pp. 1-10). This made conventional LNG buyers look for lower prices when negotiations concerning contracts required an adjustment. As LNG continues being a very important product in the market, more changes are likely to be realized. These include both changes in contracts and pricing procedures. The market is likely to experience some turbulence caused by the changing world economics. For instance, the Northwest Shelf Project of Australia decided to sell out LNG to China for a price that was said to be about $3 per million Btu. At this time, prices for crude oil were $20 per barrel. The actual price for LNG varied from the price realized in crude oil. Existing contracts with buyers from Japan are reportedly higher than contracts in China by about twenty percent (Yergin and Stoppard, 2003, pp. 103-114). Again, when the utilities of Japan entered into a 20-year, 360-Bcf-per-year contract expiring for LNG of Malaysia, reports indicated a 5% reduction in price and a two-tier management of contract, when 1.2 million tons were annually sold out for the period of 4 years and the remaining for the period of 15 years. The other consequence was an agreement that almost a quarter of quantities will be sold out f.o.b. This increased flexibility of shipping and, at the same time, reduced the costs of freight for buyers. The contract also included short-term buying (Sen 2002, pp. 1-10). In the United States market, the prices for LNG are connected with Henry Hub prices. These have been rising steadily in the market. Natural gas prices in America are expected to range from $3 to $4 MMBtu. This will remain so and will cut down the differential that exists between the Atlantic and Pacific markets on LNG prices. At the same time, the European Union holds the position that sellers of LNG must remove clauses of destination from contracts that they have been using. The dynamism of marketing enhances short-term sales of LNG. This accounted for 8% LNG trading in 2002. The short-term market of LNG was practically not there. It was only experienced several years ago, and few facilities of LNG were constructed until contracts of sales were signed for the whole capacity. In the recent past, some projects have gone ahead with unclaimed capacity. More flexible contracts and spare capacity will lead to increased sales within a short period (Drewry Shipping Consultants 2007, pp. 23- 34). One of the vital consequences of changing market environment is materialization of short-term LNG market. All cargos that have not traded in long-term contracts are described as short-term sales. This means any cargos that traded in contracts during less than one year together with individual LNG cargos purchased and sold out (Sen 2002, pp. 1-10). The short-term market will continue to be driven by the long-term market. These include uncommitted capacity of production, since some emerging plants are increased without making commitment to full production quantities. The example of this is Malaysia. Among other factors there is an increasing demand of LNG and more importantly in the United States and Spain, where receiving terminals have surplus capacity, and Korea, which normally requires large quantities during winter. Moreover, the availability of ships, not making commitment to projects, also contributes to these short-term trends in the LNG market. Other contributing factor of the short-term scenario will definitely be realized, if there is a greater flexibility of contracts. Short-term trading is likely to continue growing, particularly in the Atlantic Basin. There could be a notable 15-20% increase in short-term trading in the Atlantic Basin in the near future. The subject of whether LNG will ever be a true product is still debatable (Sen 2002, pp. 1-10). Generally an emerging global energy business of natural gas trading has been gradually developing. It will have a very big impact on the international economy, exposing new risks and opportunities, geopolitical arrangements and interdependencies. Natural gas is internationally traded. This will definitely cause addressing many urgent needs. The United States is to beware a looming shortage in energy, while Europe is to rejuvenate industry. Developing countries need to accelerate growth. To realize this, a clean environment is of paramount importance. The change will be realized both in LNG and pipeline supplies. LNG has been experiencing an increase in application, and the market has been diversifying worldwide (Yergin and Stoppard, 2003, pp. 103-114). There is an emerging international market for this commodity. This is more particular for offering lighting services and its use in factories and in air conditioning in the United States (Drewry Shipping Consultants 2007, pp. 23-34). Well, one of the disturbing aspects of this emerging business of LNG trading is a recall of transformational years towards the end of 1960s that went on to cover during some part of early 1970s. This was a time when the United States integrated itself with the international market of oil. With a very little span of time, the United States became a major importer of petroleum. The surge in the total demand from the international market pulled through the engine of the United States economy. It helped to set the scene for the crises of oil in1970s and created reliance with which countries have wrestled internationally. Within a time exceeding half a century, America was largely self-sufficient in LNG, despite importing from Canada. In the near future, the United States are likely to be a big LNG importer. This could witness the United States overtake Japan and shift the market westward. The question is whether the United States will inadvertently amount new issues of security or whethe r emerging interdependencies will assist in reducing risks in the future (Parfomak 2003, pp. 9-23). As LNG has been experiencing a growing trend in the market, constant attention should be paid to ensure transparent and fair regulation. There is an increasing demand to educate all stakeholders in the industry and the entire public concerning growing importance of LNG as a part of sustainable and viable supply of energy portfolio leading to extenuating volatility and increasing pressure on prices of LNG and electricity (Hallouche 2006, pp.15-23). Moreover, both regulators and industry participants need to gain trust and confidence from local stakeholders on matters of the LNG delivery on the regular basis in large quantities within a lengthy period of time. Matters of environmental and outstanding safety form an important component in the supply and, therefore, are to be taken care of in trading procedures. With the increasing gas import in the United States, quality is also a determining factor. Varying heat content may affect the market in specific regions and, therefore, quality will influence importing in the future. Generally, LNG offers a way of connecting remote gas to markets. Notwithstanding a significant growth in the recent past, LNG has remained a small contributor to the international demand of gas (Parfomak 2003, pp. 9-23). Pipeline gas has dominated in the international market and, therefore, measures are to be taken to promote LNG trading. Unstable pricing and market conditions can be controlled by good foreign and fiscal policies. At the same time, the current LNG development is a growing trend towards the future of the market. The increasing demand has been growing and can ensure a fully developed market for LNG. Buy custom Future LNG essay

The Declaration of Sentiments Essays

The Declaration of Sentiments Essays The Declaration of Sentiments Essay The Declaration of Sentiments Essay the narrator,   like a lot of women at the time were trapped in this chaotic pattern of the wallpaper, moreover, this chaos causes the women to feel inferior to men in the society. (yellow symbolizes inferiority.) If a woman, like John’s sister, was content with the situation, and never learn to break loose, the only thing they can hope for are men and their place in a patriarchal society. As a result, these 19th century women will never be treated seriously. That is the reason the narrator decides to tear down the yellow wall paper over her last couple of nights, she felt that she has broken the wallpaper and thus her husband and by extension the whole of society that sought to imprison her. This is a powerful message for the women at that time, and was regarded as a sign of craziness. These efforts are by no means considered easy, she has to crawl around in the room as the women crawl around in the â€Å"yellow wa llpaper.In the story, the narrator spends a lot of time on describing her husband and the treatment she received from her doctor. There is one thing that is similar between the doctor and the husband: they are not only both highly educated, successful doctors, but the way they feel about women is   also the same: They want to treat the women with passion, and they are both loving, yet the only cure they have for women with mental depression is absolutely staying away from any meaningful work, even something they love to do. Rest and isolation are their receipt for cure. In the story, the narrator is treated like a baby by her husband, she was never treated as a patient.Sunlight is a symbol of her husband’s schedule; he is always available to give her the prescription every walking hour, then he will go somewhere the narrator is not always sure of. The schedule for the narrator is kind of â€Å"strange†, she prefers to sleep in the sunlight, yet during the moonlight, when her husband’s control loosens, the narrator can be secretively creative. She even creeps outside not being afraid of being caught. The reader cannot   blame the narrator, because this is the only time, during the moonlight, she can find her identity and brave enough to realize her deeply hidden desires. The comparison between oppressive sunlight and free-spirited moonlight further helps the reader understand what the main character has been going through day by day.One more important point that the reader can understand after reading the whole story is aesthetic changes through insanity: Gilmans prose is a model for a convincingly gradual and subtle decline into insanity. The narrators tone changes from naà ¯ve and depressed to paranoid and excited, and as she grows insane, her sentences reflect the state of her mind. Much like the chaotic pattern in the wallpaper, the sentences get choppy and confusing, grafting together disconnected one-line comments.In real life, t he author, Ms. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a well educated woman who has a strong sense of self-consciousness,   has developed an emotion disorder due to the fatigue and depression.   The prescription she got from her doctor was trying to abandon something she loves to do – writing. This is when â€Å"The Yellow wallpaper† was born. This is truly a wonderful piece by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It reflects the psychological suffering women have to go through during that period of time, and Ms. Gilman accuses society of putting women into this state of paranoia, depression and self-destruction. It discloses the root cause of gender inequality and serves as the marker for the upcoming feminist movement.

How have recent policy changes in school age education affected Essay

How have recent policy changes in school age education affected classroom practice and student achievement in Austrlia Focus on - Essay Example This is in pursuant with the COAG agenda to implement reforms in the education field, particularly related to gaining skills and growth in early childhood so that Australia as a nation could be enriched with human capital (DEEWR, 2011). The government identifies its role of paying attention to the early years of school children for their lifelong welfare and role in the country’s development. There is sufficient evidence that the early years play a dominant role in the overall growth of school age students (CAG, 2009). The Australian government has created a blue print of the strategy by working collaboratively on the shared vision for the growth of young children by 2020 to provide all resources to the school age students for their bright future as well as for the future of Australia. The government plans to arrange school age welfare services under the new framework through three segments: Focused regulatory arrangements A National Quality Standard including the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and quality rating system. Organization of a new national body collectively managed between the Commonwealth and the states and territories (CAG, 2009). Overview The first five years of a child’s life lay out the path on which the child grows into a fuller personality. The policy initiative of the Australian government to be jointly run by the territory and state governments would provide that required platform to the Australian children. Application of the National Quality Framework has been in progress since July 2010. Quality parameters would get heightened with the implementation of the framework on quality and regularity over the early childhood education and attention to their growth throughout Australia. The new changes are expected to better the services in the domains that impress on a child’s growth and enable families to take right decisions for their children (DEEWR, 2011). Policy changes have impressed upon the need of adhering to higher parameters of attending to children in the matter of learning skills, good health and their safety Parents are now better equipped with required knowledge about their children to select the services that are more pertinent to make the future of their children promising (DEEWR, 2011). Earlier, information regarding quality standards for early age children was not universal across all regions in Australia. With the new policy framework, there is no dearth of relevant information to assist parents in selecting the desired services for their kids (DEEWR, 2011). All services providers have increased their quality benchmarks related to child growth. Quality parameters have been raised for early childhood education for the better via: †¢ introduced better teacher to child ratios so that individual attention could be provided to all children †¢ added to the qualification level of teachers so that they possess the desired expertise to guide children in imbibing and developi ng †¢ initiated a novel quality rating system so that the Australian parents could view the information relating to their child’s progress pertaining to the standard of early education and tending services †¢

How far does the form and structure of the city together with its Essay

How far does the form and structure of the city together with its transport network influence individual travel patterns - Essay Example Perth, Western Australia is one of the most densely populated regions of the continent. Perth is the capital of Western Australian province. Perth is located by the side of River Swan. The total population of Perth is more than 1,700,000. Like most of the densely populated cities in the developed world, Perth has a very well developed and well planned public transport system. Majority of the people in Perth use ferries, buses and trains as their chosen mode of transport. Transperth is the organization which supervises this public transport and the routes, while Transwa provides routes to the rural and sub urban area around Perth. Public transport Authority operates Transperth. The mode of transit only includes ferries, busses and trains, as mentioned earlier. This brand, Transperth, was launched in 1986. Although the control was initially under Metropolitan transport trust, and Western Australian government railways, it was later transferred to Department of transport, in 1993. Perth is divided into 9 fare zones. These zones are created keeping the distance of a place from the city centre in mind. All three transit services offered by Transperth cover Perth city up to Wundowie in the East of the city, to Fremantle in the west, up to Mandurah in the south and up to Two Rocks in the north of Perth City. The central business district of Perth has 15 bus stations and 70 railway stations. The time tables are color coded and thus the routes are easier to understand once a person understands the color codes. City centre is a Free Transit zone, where one does not need to pay a fare to travel. Overall, the transport infra structure in Pert is well developed. Keeping the growth of population in mind, the government has planned forward to accommodate the future requirements. Modes of transit most frequently used in Perth: It is a fact that the form and structure of the city together with its transport network influence individual travel patterns. Travel to work (includes multi-mode journeys) Perth 2006 2001 Enumerated data number % Perth Statistical Division % number % Perth Statistical Division % Change 2001 to 2006 Train 79 3.2 4.3 47 2.8 3.8 32 Bus 142 5.8 4.2 80 4.8 3.7 61 Tram or Ferry 6 0.2 0 3 0.2 0 3 Taxi 101 4.2 0.2 93 5.6 0.2 8 Car - as driver 616 25.4 63.0 447 26.7 63.2 169 Car - as passenger 130 5.3 5.8 107 6.4 5.7 23 Truck 6 0.2 1.0 3 0.2 1.2 3 Motorbike 5 0.2 0.6 0 0 0.5 5 Bicycle 20 0.8 1.0 11 0.6 0.9 9 Walked only 676 27.9 2.1 318 19.0 1.8 358 Other 172 7.1 1.1 116 6.9 1.4 57 Worked at home 67 2.8 3.6 72 4.3 4.1 -5 Did not go to work 371 15.3 11.5 357 21.3 12.1 14 Not stated 36 1.5 1.7 20 1.2 1.5 16 Total 2,426 100.0 100.0 1,673 100.0 100.0 753 Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991. NOTE: Table totals may not equate with other similar tables due to  randomisation  of small numbers. Please refer to the  specific data notes  for more information. Looking at the abo ve table, few very important findings can be noted. First of all, it is important to note that the 2006 figures show that around 27.9% of the people taking part in this survey walked to work. This means that the structure and form of city definitely has its impact over the way people choose their modes of transit. People living near the central business district or metropolitan Perth prefer to walk to work if their offices are located at a notable distance. The high percentage of people walking to work also shows a trend that people either try to find work at some place close to their residence, or they shift to reside at some place close to their work place. Another important aspect clearly visible from this table is that the trend of using own cars for going to work is on the rise. This is because of the fact that people are generally busier now, and also,